Kenosis: what did Christ empty himself of: A Biblical Guide
Short answer: Philippians 2:6-8 presents Jesus as one who existed in the form of God but chose to empty Himself, taking on the form of a servant and dying on the cross. This passage underscores His humility and obedience, serving as an example for believers. It shows that even though He was equal with God, Christ did not cling to His rights but instead became human to fulfill God's plan of salvation.
The Setting of Philippians 2:6-8
Philippians 2 begins in the context of a letter from Paul to a church that had shown genuine love and support for him during his ministry. The passage is written to encourage unity, humility, and selflessness among believers. This background frames the following verses as an exhortation grounded not only in human relationships but also in the divine example set by Christ. These verses are part of a larger discussion on how Christians should live in harmony with one another, which Paul introduces in Philippians 2:1-4.
The immediate context includes a call to be like-minded and united in love (Philippians 2:2), followed by the command to avoid selfishness or pride (Philippians 2:3). The next verses then introduce a profound image of Christ, who modeled these very values. This connection is essential because it shows that the ideals Paul promotes are not arbitrary but rooted in God's own character and actions.
Paul's reference to 'the mind which was also in Christ Jesus' (Philippians 2:5) sets up the central focus of verses 6-8. It establishes a direct link between human behavior and divine example, suggesting that following Christ is not only about belief but about embodying His values. This section builds on the preceding exhortation to humility by offering a cosmic perspective on what true humility looks like.
The passage unfolds in a context where Christian unity and moral integrity are paramount. It's written against a backdrop of early church challenges, such as divisions over spiritual gifts or ethical conduct. These verses serve not only as encouragement but also as a theological foundation for how believers should relate to one another and to God.
The Divine Nature of Christ in Philippians 2:6
Verse 6 begins with the phrase, 'who, existing in the form of God,' which highlights the divine nature of Jesus. This statement is crucial because it affirms that Christ was not merely human but fully God. The term 'form of God' suggests an intrinsic relationship to deity, indicating that He shared in the very essence and attributes of God from all eternity.
The verse continues with a critical declaration: 'didn't consider equality with God a thing to be grasped.' This is an important theological point because it shows that Jesus did not see His divinity as something to cling to or exploit. Instead, He willingly chose to lay aside the privileges of deity for the sake of humanity's salvation.
This understanding of Christ's nature has profound implications for Christian belief. It underscores the doctrine of the Trinity and the preexistence of Christ, while also affirming that His divinity was not diminished by becoming human. This passage is a cornerstone in discussions about the incarnation and the mystery of God taking on flesh.
The phrase 'a thing to be grasped' implies that Jesus did not see His equality with God as something to possess or demand. Rather, He chose humility over self-assertion. This interpretation aligns with other New Testament passages where Christ is described as fully divine yet humble and obedient (e.g., Hebrews 4:15-16). It serves as a model for believers on how to view power, status, and identity.
The Self-Emptying of Christ in Philippians 2:7
In verse 7, we read that Jesus 'emptied himself,' which is a pivotal concept in understanding the nature of His incarnation. This act of self-emptying does not mean He lost His divinity but rather that He chose to relinquish the full exercise of divine privileges for the sake of humanity's redemption. The term 'emptying' conveys an intentional choice, showing Christ's voluntary humility.
Taking on the form of a servant highlights Jesus' identification with human beings and His rejection of any claim to superiority or entitlement. This act is not about losing divinity but about embracing servanthood in its fullness. It reflects God's character as one who chooses love over power, humility over dominion, and service over self-interest.
The image of Christ as a servant has deep implications for Christian discipleship. Believers are called to imitate His example by putting others before themselves and serving rather than seeking status or recognition. This idea is further developed in the following verse, where Jesus' humility culminates in His obedience even unto death.
This concept of self-emptying is unique because it reveals a God who does not merely act from above but enters into human experience to save. It underscores the depth of God's love and the radical nature of the incarnation. This passage also invites reflection on how believers are called to live in humility, serving others as Christ did.
The Obedience of Christ in Philippians 2:8
Verse 8 describes Jesus' ultimate act of obedience: 'he humbled himself, becoming obedient to the point of death, yes, the death of the cross.' This statement emphasizes both His willingness to suffer and His complete submission to God's will. The mention of the cross underscores the severity of His sacrifice and the depth of His commitment.
The phrase 'becoming obedient' is significant because it portrays Jesus not as a passive figure but as one who actively chose to follow God's plan, even when it led to suffering and death. This obedience was not forced upon Him but was a choice made in love for humanity. It reveals the heart of Christ's mission: to reconcile people to God through His sacrifice.
The reference to 'the death of the cross' is particularly important because it highlights the method by which Jesus fulfilled His purpose. The cross was an instrument of execution, symbolizing both suffering and rejection. Yet in this context, it becomes the means of salvation for all who believe. This passage illustrates that true obedience can lead to great cost but also great redemption.
The verse serves as a powerful reminder of what God is willing to do for humanity. It shows that Jesus did not shy away from pain or suffering but embraced them in order to bring about reconciliation between God and people. This example sets the stage for believers to follow His path, trusting in God's plan even when it involves hardship.
The Theological Significance of Philippians 2:6-8
Philippians 2:6-8 holds deep theological significance because it presents a comprehensive picture of Christ's nature and mission. It affirms that Jesus was fully God, yet He chose to live as a human being for the purpose of salvation. This passage is foundational to understanding the incarnation, which is central to Christian belief.
Theologically, this section challenges any notion of a distant or indifferent God. Instead, it portrays a God who became man and experienced suffering on behalf of humanity. The humility and obedience of Jesus are not just moral examples but also reveal the character of God as one who loves His creation deeply and is willing to go to great lengths for their salvation.
This passage also highlights the mystery of divinity and humanity coexisting in Christ. It affirms that God did not remain above human experience but entered into it fully, experiencing both joy and pain. This understanding has implications for how Christians view suffering, redemption, and the nature of God's presence in the world.
The theological message is clear: salvation was achieved through Jesus' obedience, even to death on the cross. It shows that righteousness comes not from human effort alone but from the work of Christ. This truth encourages believers to trust in God's plan rather than their own understanding and to follow the example set by Jesus.
The Practical Application for Believers
For Christians today, Philippians 2:6-8 is not just a historical account but a living challenge. It calls believers to imitate Christ's humility and obedience in their daily lives. Just as Jesus laid aside His rights and privileges for the sake of humanity, followers are encouraged to put others before themselves and serve without seeking personal gain.
This passage has practical implications for how Christians relate to one another within the church and in society. It emphasizes the importance of unity, humility, and service over self-interest or competition. These values should shape not only individual behavior but also community life, fostering a spirit of mutual care and support.
The example of Jesus' obedience serves as an encouragement for believers facing difficult choices or hardships. Just as He was willing to suffer on the cross for others, Christians are called to be willing to make sacrifices for those around them, trusting that God will honor their faithfulness.
Ultimately, this passage invites a deeper reflection on what it means to live in obedience to God. It challenges believers to examine their lives and see if they are truly following Christ's example or falling short. By embracing humility and service, Christians can reflect the love of God more fully in the world.
For more on this passage, see What Does Philippians 2.
For more on this passage, see Philippians 2 Bible Study.
For more on this passage, see Philippians 3 Bible Study.
For more on this passage, see Bible Verses About Encouragement.
Biblical fidelity check
Philippians 2:6-8 must be read carefully to avoid misinterpreting Jesus' nature as a human who became divine or as someone who was forced into servanthood. The passage does not suggest that Christ was less than God but rather that He chose to live in humility despite His divine status. This distinction is crucial because it upholds the doctrine of the incarnation and maintains the full deity of Christ without diminishing His humanity. A key interpretive risk lies in misunderstanding 'emptying himself' as a loss of divinity, when in fact it refers to the voluntary relinquishment of certain privileges associated with being God. What remains central is that Jesus' obedience was an act of love and humility, not a sign of inferiority or limitation. This passage reveals that true greatness comes from self-sacrifice and service, which should inspire believers to follow Christ's example in their lives.
Frequently asked questions
What Does Philippians 2:6-8 Mean for Daily Christian Living?
Philippians 2:6-8 challenges Christians to live with humility and selflessness, following Jesus' example of putting others before themselves. It reminds believers that true greatness comes not from power or status but from serving others as Christ did. This passage encourages disciples to imitate His willingness to sacrifice for the good of others, even when it is difficult.
Why Is Philippians 2:6-8 Important in Understanding Who Jesus Is?
This passage affirms that Jesus was fully God and willingly chose to become human to save humanity. It reveals His divine nature while also emphasizing His humility and obedience, showing a God who is both powerful and loving. This understanding of Christ's identity is foundational for Christian belief, as it highlights the incarnation and the depth of God's love.
How Does Philippians 2:6-8 Relate to Other Biblical Passages About Humility?
Philippians 2:6-8 aligns with other Bible verses that promote humility, such as James 4:10 and Matthew 23:12. These passages consistently show that true greatness comes through selflessness and service rather than pride or self-promotion. Jesus' example in Philippians 2 is a culmination of these teachings, offering the ultimate model for believers.
