Who Was Hannah in 1 Samuel 1? Her Sorrow and Vow
Hannah is the barren wife of Elkanah who brings her grief to Yahweh at Shiloh and asks for a son. The text says Yahweh remembered her, and she keeps her vow by giving the child to God's service.
Who Was Hannah's Rival in 1 Samuel 1?
Hannah's rival was Peninnah, her husband's other wife, who provoked her severely year after year at the house of Yahweh. The passage ties that provocation to Hannah's childlessness and to God's stated action in closing her womb.